CHAPTER=1{THE LIVING WORD} FOR NEET EXAMS IMPORTANT NOTES AND MCQs BASED

The Living World - NEET Notes

Detailed Explanation

1. What is 'Living'?
- Growth: Increase in size and number. In unicellular organisms, seen as division.
- Reproduction: Sexual/asexual. Exceptions: mules, worker bees.
- Metabolism: All biochemical reactions. Unique to living beings.
- Consciousness: Responding to stimuli. Seen in all living beings.
- Homeostasis: Internal stability (e.g., sweating).

2. Biodiversity and Classification:
- Over 1.7 million known species. Classification helps in study and communication.

3. Taxonomy:
- Includes characterization, identification, nomenclature, and classification.

4. Binomial Nomenclature:
- By Carl Linnaeus. Two-part Latin name: Genus (capital) + species (small). Italicized.

5. Taxonomic Hierarchy:
- Kingdom > Phylum > Class > Order > Family > Genus > Species.
- Mnemonic: King Philip Came Over For Good Soup.

6. Taxonomical Aids:
- Herbarium: Dried plant specimens.
- Botanical Gardens: Living collections.
- Museums: Preserved animal specimens.
- Zoological Parks: Animals in natural habitats.
- Key: Identification tool using contrasting characters.

MCQ Test

1. Which of the following is the defining characteristic of living organisms?
a) Growth
b) Reproduction
c) Metabolism
d) Consciousness

2. Binomial nomenclature was given by:
a) Aristotle
b) Darwin
c) Linnaeus
d) Haeckel

3. Which of these is NOT a taxonomical aid?
a) Herbarium
b) DNA fingerprinting
c) Zoological Park
d) Botanical Garden

4. Which of the following categories has the most closely related organisms?
a) Class
b) Order
c) Genus
d) Species

5. Which taxonomic unit is higher than Family?
a) Genus
b) Order
c) Species
d) Class

6. Which of the following is a correct scientific name?
a) Homo Sapiens
b) homo sapiens
c) Homo sapiens
d) HOMO sapiens

7. Which taxonomical aid includes dried and pressed plant specimens?
a) Zoological park
b) Botanical garden
c) Herbarium
d) Museum

8. What is the primary purpose of keys in taxonomy?
a) Preservation
b) Growth
c) Classification
d) Identification

9. Which one of these organisms does not reproduce?
a) Amoeba
b) Bacteria
c) Mule
d) Hydra

10. Consciousness is seen in:
a) Plants only
b) Animals only
c) All living organisms
d) Non-living things

Answer Key

1. c) Metabolism

2. c) Linnaeus

3. b) DNA fingerprinting

4. d) Species

5. b) Order

6. c) Homo sapiens

7. c) Herbarium

8. d) Identification

9. c) Mule

10. c) All living organisms

Assertion-Reason Type Questions

1. Assertion (A): All living organisms grow.
Reason (R): Growth is exclusive to living organisms.
a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c) A is true, R is false.
d) Both A and R are false.

2. Assertion (A): Metabolism occurs in all living organisms.
Reason (R): Non-living things can perform metabolic reactions outside the body.
a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c) A is true, R is false.
d) Both A and R are false.

3. Assertion (A): Botanical gardens are used to preserve animal specimens.
Reason (R): Zoological parks keep animals in their natural habitat.
a) A is true, R is false.
b) A is false, R is true.
c) Both A and R are true.
d) Both A and R are false.